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被动语态必须有be吗

高中学习 时间:2020-06-05T14:36:53
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,是动词的一种特殊形式。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。被动语态的be在一般情况下都是不可以省略的。但是在前置定语修饰的时候或后置的定语从句中是可以省略的。
被动语态必须有be吗
  被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,是动词的一种特殊形式。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。被动语态的be在一般情况下都是不可以省略的。但是在前置定语修饰的时候或后置的定语从句中是可以省略的。

  

被动语态不用be的情况

  一、被动语态不用be的情况

  1.前置定语修饰的时候

  The broken glass.破碎的杯子。

  2.后置的定语从句中省略be动词

  The man() given a praise is my uncle.被表扬的那个男人是我的叔叔。

  省略的部分是“Which is be”。

  二、被动语态

  1.构成

  (1)助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

  (2)情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

  2.特殊用法

  (1)不及物动词无被动语态。如:happen, break down, come out......

  What will happen in 100 years.

  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

  (2)有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如: write, sell, ride.....

  This pen writes well.

  This new book sells well.

  (3)感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。

  make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

  see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

  A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

  The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

  (4)如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

  My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

  (5)一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

  We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

  He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

  The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
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